among adults aged 20-74 years. Screening adults with diabetes should include an initial dilated and comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist within 5 years after the onset of diabetes for T1 and at the time of the diabetes diagnosis for T2DM, and thereafter annually. It is important to detect nerve damage at the earliest stage of diabetic neuropathy as intervention at this stage can prevent nerve degeneration or promote regeneration. Patients with nephropathy and type 1 diabetes almost always have other signs of diabetic microvascular disease, such as retinopathy and neuropathy. Retinopathy is easy to detect clinically, and typically precedes the onset of overt nephropathy in these patients. With a comprehensive ophthalmological examination every year by an expert ophthalmologist, we can get enough information about all the microvascular complications of diabetes.